The Verb and Its Categories free essay sample

The noun and the verb are the most important categories of speech. The verb is the most important. These categories are the nucleus of the sentence, which is composed of the subject and the predicate. The verb lexeme needs determination too. The verb must express time, person and other distinctions. Besides these distinctions, the verb must express such semantic functions as terminativity/boundness and non-terminativity. Process is expressed by the verb. It has an end point: the process of writing end when some product is created. Bounded words have a final aim: they express process limited in time. Non-bounded processes have no end-point (e. g. John is walking in the park – non-bounded / to the park – bounded (the end is park). Bounded processes are purposive – they have an aim. Unbounded processes have no aim. Verbs are divided into finite and non-finite forms. Finite forms are determined processes. Non-finite forms are also determined forms (e. We will write a custom essay sample on The Verb and Its Categories or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page g. Walk (v) – must be grammatically processed). Processes can’t be imagined without persons. The grammatical category of person speaks of the role that each participant plays in the process. When the speaker has himself in mind, we have the 1st person (e. g. I’m walking now). When the speaker speaks to addressee, we have the 2nd person (e. g. You are to work harder). When the speaker refers neither to himself, nor to the addressee, we have the 3rd person. The grammatical category of person refers to the role of each participant in the act of communication. The category of person in synthetic language is lexicalised and grammaticalised (expressed by appropriate pronouns and inflections of the verb). In languages where person is fully grammaticalised the use of lexicalised persons is grammatically redundant (but not communicatively). In languages where person is not grammaticalised, person distinctions are expressed by appropriate personal pronouns. In English person distinctions are not grammaticalised (only the 1st person singular). English expresses words analytically. The grammatical category of number is concerned with the number of participants carrying out the process (e. g. John, Marry, Peter are walking in the garden). Only the inflection s is the marker of number in English. Number and person are blended (combined into one inflection). We must turn to the pronouns and nouns. The analysis of the categories of person and number shows that English has practically lost its verbal inflections and heavily relies on pronouns and nouns. The grammatical category of tense stands for a verb form sed to express a tune relation and it varies in different languages. Time is unlimited duration in which things are considered as happening in the past, present or future and it is independent of language and it stands for a concept which all mankind is familiar with. Time can be expressed lexically and grammatically (e. g. John is (grammatically) working in his study now (lexically)). English has three sets of temporal adjuncts which refer to: 1)the present (n ow, today, this morning, this century); 2)the past (yesterday, last week, last year); 3)the future (tomorrow, next minute). The Verb and Its Categories free essay sample The noun and the verb are the most important categories of speech. The verb is the most important. These categories are the nucleus of the sentence, which is composed of the subject and the predicate. The verb lexeme needs determination too. The verb must express time, person and other distinctions. Besides these distinctions, the verb must express such semantic functions as terminativity/boundness and non-terminativity. Process is expressed by the verb. It has an end point: the process of writing end when some product is created. Bounded words have a final aim: they express process limited in time. Non-bounded processes have no end-point (e. g. John is walking in the park – non-bounded / to the park – bounded (the end is park). Bounded processes are purposive – they have an aim. Unbounded processes have no aim. Verbs are divided into finite and non-finite forms. Finite forms are determined processes. Non-finite forms are also determined forms (e. We will write a custom essay sample on The Verb and Its Categories or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page g. Walk (v) – must be grammatically processed). Processes can’t be imagined without persons. The grammatical category of person speaks of the role that each participant plays in the process. When the speaker has himself in mind, we have the 1st person (e. g. I’m walking now). When the speaker speaks to addressee, we have the 2nd person (e. g. You are to work harder). When the speaker refers neither to himself, nor to the addressee, we have the 3rd person. The grammatical category of person refers to the role of each participant in the act of communication. The category of person in synthetic language is lexicalised and grammaticalised (expressed by appropriate pronouns and inflections of the verb). In languages where person is fully grammaticalised the use of lexicalised persons is grammatically redundant (but not communicatively). In languages where person is not grammaticalised, person distinctions are expressed by appropriate personal pronouns. In English person distinctions are not grammaticalised (only the 1st person singular). English expresses words analytically. The grammatical category of number is concerned with the number of participants carrying out the process (e. g. John, Marry, Peter are walking in the garden). Only the inflection s is the marker of number in English. Number and person are blended (combined into one inflection). We must turn to the pronouns and nouns. The analysis of the categories of person and number shows that English has practically lost its verbal inflections and heavily relies on pronouns and nouns. The grammatical category of tense stands for a verb form sed to express a tune relation and it varies in different languages. Time is unlimited duration in which things are considered as happening in the past, present or future and it is independent of language and it stands for a concept which all mankind is familiar with. Time can be expressed lexically and grammatically (e. g. John is (grammatically) working in his study now (lexically)). English has three sets of temporal adjuncts which refer to: 1)the present (n ow, today, this morning, this century); 2)the past (yesterday, last week, last year); 3)the future (tomorrow, next minute).

How It Feels to Be Colored Me, by Zora Neale Hurston

How It Feels to Be Colored Me, by Zora Neale Hurston Zora Neal Hurston was an author that was widely acclaimed. A genius of the South, novelist, folklorist, anthropologist- those are the words that Alice Walker had inscribed on the tombstone of Zora Neale Hurston. In this personal  essay (first published in The World Tomorrow, May 1928), the acclaimed author of Their Eyes Were Watching God explores her own sense of identity through a series of memorable examples and striking metaphors. As  Sharon L. Jones has observed, Hurstons essay challenges the reader to consider race and ethnicity as fluid, evolving, and dynamic rather than static and unchanging -Critical Companion to Zora Neale Hurston, 2009 How It Feels to Be Colored Me by Zora Neale Hurston 1 I am colored but I offer nothing in the way of extenuating circumstances except the fact that I am the only Negro in the United States whose grandfather on the mothers side was not an Indian chief. 2 I remember the very day that I became colored. Up to my thirteenth year I lived in the little Negro town of Eatonville, Florida. It is exclusively a colored town. The only white people I knew passed through the town going to or coming from Orlando. The native whites rode dusty horses, the Northern tourists chugged down the sandy village road in automobiles. The town knew the Southerners and never stopped cane chewing when they passed. But the Northerners were something else again. They were peered at cautiously from behind curtains by the timid. The more venturesome would come out on the porch to watch them go past and got just as much pleasure out of the tourists as the tourists got out of the village. 3 The front porch might seem a daring place for the rest of the town, but it was a gallery seat for me. My favorite place was atop the gatepost. Proscenium box for a born first-nighter. Not only did I enjoy the show, but I didnt mind the actors knowing that I liked it. I usually spoke to them in passing. Id wave at them and when they returned my salute, I would say something like this: Howdy-do-well-I-thank-you-where-you-goin? Usually, automobile or the horse paused at this, and after a queer exchange of compliments, I would probably go a piece of the way with them, as we say in farthest Florida. If one of my family happened to come to the front in time to see me, of course, negotiations would be rudely broken off. But even so, it is clear that I was the first welcome-to-our-state Floridian, and I hope the Miami Chamber of Commerce will please take notice. 4 During this period, white people differed from colored to me only in that they rode through town and never lived there. They liked to hear me speak pieces and sing and wanted to see me dance the parse-me-la, and gave me generously of their small silver for doing these things, which seemed strange to me for I wanted to do them so much that I needed bribing to stop, only they didnt know it. The colored people gave no dimes. They deplored any joyful tendencies in me, but I was their Zora nevertheless. I belonged to them, to the nearby hotels, to the county- everybodys Zora. 5 But changes came in the family when I was thirteen, and I was sent to school in Jacksonville. I left Eatonville, the town of the oleanders, a Zora. When I disembarked from the riverboat at Jacksonville, she was no more. It seemed that I had suffered a sea change. I was not Zora of Orange County anymore, I was now a little colored girl. I found it out in certain ways. In my heart as well as in the mirror, I became a fast brown- warranted not to rub nor run. 6 But I am not tragically colored. There is no great sorrow dammed up in my soul, nor lurking behind my eyes. I do not mind at all. I do not belong to the sobbing school of Negrohood who hold that nature somehow has given them a lowdown dirty deal and whose feelings are all but about it. Even in the helter-skelter skirmish that is my life, I have seen that the world is to the strong regardless of a little pigmentation more of less. No, I do not weep at the world- I am too busy sharpening my oyster knife. 7 Someone is always at my elbow reminding me that I am the granddaughter of slaves. It fails to register depression with me. Slavery is sixty years in the past. The operation was successful and the patient is doing well, thank you. The terrible struggle that made me an American out of a potential slave said On the line! The Reconstruction said Get set! and the generation before said Go! I am off to a flying start and I must not halt in the stretch to look behind and weep. Slavery is the price I paid for civilization, and the choice was not with me. It is a bully adventure and worth all that I have paid through my ancestors for it. No one on earth ever had a greater chance for glory. The world to be won and nothing to be lost. It is thrilling to think- to know that for any act of mine, I shall get twice as much praise or twice as much blame. It is quite exciting to hold the center of the national stage, with the spectators not knowing whether to laugh or to weep. 8 The position of my white neighbor is much more difficult. No brown specter pulls up a chair beside me when I sit down to eat. No dark ghost thrusts its leg against mine in bed. The game of keeping what one has is never so exciting as the game of getting. 9 I do not always feel colored. Even now I often achieve the unconscious Zora of Eatonville before the Hegira. I feel most colored when I am thrown against a sharp white background. 10 For instance at Barnard. Beside the waters of the Hudson I feel my race. Among the thousand white persons, I am a dark rock surged upon, and overswept, but through it all, I remain myself. When covered by the waters, I am; and the ebb but reveals me again. 11 Sometimes it is the other way around. A white person is set down in our midst, but the contrast is just as sharp for me. For instance, when I sit in the drafty basement that is The New World Cabaret with a white person, my color comes. We enter chatting about any little nothing that we have in common and are seated by the jazz waiters. In the abrupt way that jazz orchestras have, this one plunges into a number. It loses no time in circumlocutions, but gets right down to business. It constricts the thorax and splits the heart with its tempo and narcotic harmonies. This orchestra grows rambunctious, rears on its hind legs and attacks the tonal veil with primitive fury, rending it, clawing it until it breaks through to the jungle beyond. I follow those heathen- follow them exultingly. I dance wildly inside myself; I yell within, I whoop; I shake my assegai above my head, I hurl it true to the mark yeeeeooww! I am in the jungle and living in the jungle way. My face is painted red and yellow and my body is painted blue. My pulse is throbbing like a war drum. I want to slaughter something- give pain, give death to what, I do not know. But the piece ends. The men of the orchestra wipe their lips and rest their fingers. I creep back slowly to the veneer we call civilization with the last tone and find the white friend sitting motionless in his seat, smoking calmly. 12 Good music they have here, he remarks, drumming the table with his fingertips. 13 Music. The great blobs of purple and red emotion have not touched him. He has only heard what I felt. He is far away and I see him but dimly across the ocean and the continent that have fallen between us. He is so pale with his whiteness then and I am so colored. 14 At certain times I have no race, I am me. When I set my hat at a certain angle and saunter down Seventh Avenue, Harlem City, feeling as snooty as the lions in front of the Forty-Second Street Library, for instance. So far as my feelings are concerned, Peggy Hopkins Joyce on the Boule Mich with her gorgeous raiment, stately carriage, knees knocking together in a most aristocratic manner, has nothing on me. The cosmic Zora emerges. I belong to no race nor time. I am the eternal feminine with its string of beads. 15 I have no separate feeling about being an American citizen and colored. I am merely a fragment of the Great Soul that surges within the boundaries. My country, right or wrong. 16 Sometimes, I feel discriminated against, but it does not make me angry. It merely astonishes me. How can any deny themselves the pleasure of my company? Its beyond me. 17 But in the main, I feel like a brown bag of miscellany propped against a wall. Against a wall in company with other bags, white, red and yellow. Pour out the contents, and there is discovered a jumble of small things priceless and worthless. A first-water diamond, an empty spool, bits of broken glass, lengths of string, a key to a door long since crumbled away, a rusty knife-blade, old shoes saved for a road that never was and never will be, a nail bent under the weight of things too heavy for any nail, a dried flower or two still a little fragrant. In your hand is the brown bag. On the ground before you is the jumble it held- so much like the jumble in the bags, could they be emptied, that all might be dumped in a single heap and the bags refilled without altering the content of any greatly. A bit of colored glass more or less would not matter. Perhaps that is how the Great Stuffer of Bags filled them in the first place- who knows?